Ep. 291 | The History of Hainan (Part 2)
This is the second part of a brief overview of Hainan history with special guest Professor Jeremy Murray. In this episode, Laszlo and Dr. Murray discuss Hainan history during the Qing, Republican, and PRC eras with some discussion of Hainanese culture.
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Terms in Episode
| Pinyin/Term | Chinese | English/Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Hǎinán | 海南 | Island province off the coast of Guangdong |
| Míng Dynasty | 明朝 | Dynasty than ran 1368-1644 |
| Qīng Dynasty | 清朝 | Dynasty than ran 1644-1911 |
| Lí People | 黎族 | The Li ethnic group (who inhabit parts of Guangdong and Hainan),also referred to as the Hlai people |
| Teochew | 潮州人 | The city and the people who come from the region of Chaoshan (Chaozhou-Shantou plus Jieyang) |
| Hakka | 客家人 | The Hakka People |
| Hokkien | 福建人 | Fujianese primarily from the southern part of the province |
| Cantonese | 广州人 | People from the Guangzhou area |
| Peranakan | 峇峇娘惹 | Known as the Bābā Niángrě, an ethnic group of Chinese residing in the Malay Peninsula (also known as Straits Chinese) |
| Wénchāng | 文昌 | Major city on the northeast coast of Hainan |
| Qiónghǎi | 琼海 | Another major city on the northeast coast of Hainan |
| Wànníng | 万宁 | Major city located on the southeast coast of Hainan |
| Hǎi Ruì | 海瑞 | 1514-1587, Hainan-born honest and upright Ming Dynasty official |
| Charlie Soong (Sòng Jiāshù) | 宋嘉树 | 1861-1918, Chinese businessman who first achieved prominence as a publisher in Shanghai. Close ally of Sun Yat-sen. His children were Song Ailing, Song Qingling, Song Meiling and TV Soong |
| Sòng Qìngling | 宋庆龄 | 1893-1981, wife of Sun Yat-sen and a major political figure in early PRC history |
| Ngiam Tong Boon | 嚴崇文 | Raffles Hotel barman who invented the Singapore Sling |
| Zhèng Xīnpíng | 鄭心平 | Hainan-born founder of The Central Group and the patriarch of the Chirathivat Family |
| Lin Wenying | 林文英 | A major figure on Hainan during the Xin Hai Revolution. Also a close Sun Yat-sen ally and major fundraiser for the KMT |
| Lóng Jìguāng | 龙济光 | 1867-1925, Ethnic Hani Chinese general of the late Qing and early Republican period of China. |
| Duàn Qíruì | 段祺瑞 | 1864-1936, Commander of the Beiyang Army under Yuan Shikai, then politician and powerful warlord as head of the Anhui Clique |
| Yuán Shìkǎi | 袁世凯 | 1859-1916, Beiyang Army head and would-be emperor of China. Called "The First Warlord" |
| Féng Báijū | 冯白驹 | 1903–1973, Chief leader of the Hainan Independent Column of Chinese Communist fighters on Hainan Island. Leading this column fighting against the Nationalists and the Japanese. |
| Lǐ Shuòxūn | 李硕勋 | 1903-1931, famous CCP martyr and early CCP cadre in Hainan. Also the father of Premier Li Peng |
| Zhōu Ēnlái | 周恩来 | 1898-1976, Revolutionary, Politician, Diplomat, Premier of the PRC from founding until his passing. |
| Dèng Yǐngchào | 邓颖超 | 1904-1992, another great revolutionary and politician. Also wife of Zhou Enlai |
| Lǐ Péng | 李鹏 | 1928-2019, Premier of China from 1988-1998 |
| Wǔ Gōng Cí | 五公祠 | The Temple of the Five Lords |
| Yúlín | 榆林海军基地 | A naval base for nuclear submarines along the southern coast of Hainan |
| Sānyà | 三亚 | Historic resort city at the southern tip of Hainan |
| Èrshísānniánhóngqíbùdào | 二十三年红旗不倒 | The Red Flag never fell (in Hainan) |
| Báishā Uprising | 白沙起义 | An uprising in August 1943 in Baisha, Hainan led by ethnic Li leaders Wang Yujin and Wang Yujin |
| Wang Guoxing | A Li chief who led the Baisha uprising, | |
| Chén Jìtáng | 陈济棠 | 1890-1954, KMT general, warlord and on-again off-again ally of Chiang Kai-shek. A major military and political force in Guangdong Province |
| Chen Hanguang | 陈汉光 | 1888-1943, KMT general who fought under Chen Jitang in supressing the Communists on Hainan |
| Xuē Yuè | 薛岳 | 1896-1998, Nationalist general nicknamed as "The Patton of Asia" by Claire Chennault |
| Hóngsè Niángzi Jūn | 红色娘子军 | The Red Detachment of Women, an revolutionary opera that premiered in 1964 that commemmorated a group of women fighters in Hainan during the 1940's |
| Xiè Jìn | 谢晋 | Great Chinese filmmaker, made a movie of the Red Detachment of Women |
| Hong Changqing | 洪常青 | Fictional character from the Red Detachment of Women, the commisar who led the unit |
| Wu Qinghua (also Qionghua) | 吴琼花 | Daughter of a peasant who went on to serve in the Red Detachment, later rising to Commisar |
| Xí Zhòngxūn | 习仲勋 | Great Chinese revolutionary who served the party in many roles, including the launching of the first Special Economic Zones in China. Father of current Party Boss Xi Jinping |
| Sū Shì | 苏轼 | 1037-1101, one of the all-time greats from Chinese literature. An official serving during the Northern Song |
| Tànqīn | 探亲 | To go visit relatives back in the ancestral home |
| Hǎinán Jīfàn | 海南鸡饭 | Hainanese Chicken Rice |
| Wénchāng Jīfàn | 文昌鸡饭 | An alternative same for Hainan Chicken Rice since the dish was supposed to have been created there |
| Kāfēidiàn | 咖啡店 | A coffee shop or "Kopitiam" as they are called in Malay |
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Here's Part 1 of a probably 10-Part series which will cover the history of Singapore.