Ep. 121 | The Chinese Civil War (Part 3)
This episode mainly covers the year 1948 and the three great campaigns that sealed Chiang Kai-shek’s fate on the Chinese mainland. The focus will be on the Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin Campaigns that not only grabbed all of north China and Manchuria for the Communists but the heartland and everything north of the Yangzi River as well.
By the end of 1948 all treasures, gold bullion, silver, currency, and tangible assets that the KMT could get their hands on were well on their way to Taiwan….just in case. Things had never looked grimmer for Chiang and all supporters of the Nationalist regime.
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Terms in Episode
| Pinyin/Term | Chinese | English/Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Anhui | 安徽 | Province in China |
| Chang Jiang | 长江 | The Yangzi River |
| Changchun | 长春 | Capital of Jilin province in Manchuria |
| Chen Cheng | 陈诚 | NRA General |
| Chen Cheng | 陈诚 | NRA General |
| Chen Mingren | 陈明仁 | NRA General |
| Chen Yi | 陈毅 | PLA General and future foreign minister |
| Chen Yun | 陈云 | One of Mao’s earliest political allies |
| Dabie Mountains | 大别山 | Mountain chain just northeast of Wuhan in Hubei province |
| Du Yuming | 杜聿明 | Nationalist General |
| Fenghua | 奉化 | City and county in Zhejiang, near Ningbo |
| Fu Zuoyi | 傅作义 | Nationalist General |
| Fujian | 福建 | Province in China |
| Gao Gang | 高岗 | PLA leader who served closely with Lin Biao |
| Geng Biao | 耿彪 | PLA leader |
| Guangdong | 广东 | Province in China |
| Guangxi | 广西 | Province in China |
| Han Gaozu | 汉高祖 | Liu Bang, founder of the Han Dynasty |
| Hu Zongnan | 胡宗南 | Nationalist General |
| Huabei | 华北 | Northern China |
| Huaihai | 淮海 | Civil War Campaign in 1948 |
| Huang Wei | 黄伟 | Nationalist General |
| Hubei | 湖北 | Province in China |
| Jiangsu | 江苏 | Province in China |
| Jin-Cha-Ji | 晋察冀 | another military region of the Communists covering parts of Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei |
| Jinzhou | 锦州 | City in Liaoning province |
| Koxinga | 郑成功 | Ming Dynasty loyalist who fought on against the Qing from his Taiwan base. Also known as Cheng Ch’eng-kung |
| Li Fuchun | 李富春 | PLA General |
| Li Zongren | 李宗仁 | Nationalist General |
| Liaoning | 辽宁 | Province in Manchuria |
| Liaoshen | 辽沈 | Civil War Campaign in 1948 |
| Lin Biao | 林彪 | PLA General in Manchuria and northern China |
| Liu Bocheng | 刘伯承 | PLA General (Deng Xiaoping partner in civil war) |
| Liu Shaoqi | 刘少奇 | Communist leader (and later Cultural Revolution main target) |
| Liu Zhi | 刘峙 | Nationalist General |
| Ma Yingjiu | 马英九 | Current president and chairman of the KMT |
| Manchukuo | 满洲国 | Japanese puppet state in Manchuria, capital was at Changchun |
| Nie Rongzhen | 聂荣臻 | NRA General |
| Peng Dehuai | 彭德怀 | PLA General |
| Pingjin | 平津 | Civil War Campaign in 1948 |
| Shaan-Gan-Ning Bianqu | 陕甘宁边区 | The military region that covered parts of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia |
| Shanhaiguan | 山海关 | Located on the Hebei coast, this is the city where the Great Wall begins |
| Siping | 四平 | Site, in Jilin Province, of a major civil war campaign |
| Xi Zhongxun | 习仲勋 | Father of China’s current President and CCP Chairman |
| Xibaipo | 西柏坡 | Sit of Mao’s military headquarters after he was pushed out of Yan’an |
| Xikou | 溪口 | Town in Fenghua county, birthplace of Chiang Kai-shek |
| Xinbao’an | 新保安 | City located in between Zhangjiakou and Beijing in Hebei province |
| Xing Zhong Hui | 兴中会 | The Revive China Society, forerunner to the KMT |
| Xuzhou | 徐州 | City in Jiangsu province |
| Yang Shangkun | 杨尚昆 | Longtime |
| Zhang Wentian | 张闻天 | One of the 28 Bolsheviks who switched allegiance to Mao |
| Zhangjiakou | 张家口 | Strategic city in Hebei near Beijing where Mao headed to after Yan’an fell |
| Zhejiang | 浙江 | Province in China |
| Zhu De | 朱德 | PLA General |
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Related Episodes
We continue on with Part 2 of the strange life of the Manchu Princess, Kawashima Yoshiko. The early years of the 1930’s are presenting a few opportunities for Yoshiko after making all kinds of new “friends” in Shanghai.